
Physician Assistant
Physician assistants (PA) are medical professionals who diagnose illnesses, develop and manage treatment plans, prescribe medications, and often serve as a patient’s principal healthcare provider. The PA profession emerged in the mid-1960’s to improve and expand access to healthcare in the United States in response to primary care physician shortages. Today, there are more than 131,000 PAs who practice in every medical setting in all 50 states and the District of Columbia.
PA education and practice emphasize patient education, preventive care, and chronic care management. The generalist medical training that PAs receive enables them to treat the “whole patient” across a spectrum of patient care settings. PAs enjoy lateral mobility, meaning they can work in different medical and surgical specialties throughout their career without requiring additional formal training. The specific duties for a PA depend on the setting in which they work, their level of experience, their specialty, and state laws. Currently, most state laws require PAs to have an agreement with a specific physician in order to practice.
PA training programs are approximately 2-3 years in length and are modeled on medical school curriculum, involving both didactic (pre-clinical) and clinical education and training. After graduating from an accredited program, PAs must successfully pass the PA National Certifying Exam and obtain state licensure to practice. There is no mandatory post-graduate training (i.e., residency) for PAs, though post-graduate training programs exist for those interested in extra training, such as completing a fellowship or earning a certificate of added qualification. The master’s degree is currently the terminal credential for PAs, though some PAs choose to complete clinical doctoral programs after finishing their PA training.
CASPA (Centralized Application Service for Physician Assistants) is the platform used by most PA programs for submitting applications. The PA application cycle opens in late-April each year and closes the following year in mid-April. However, each PA program has its own specific requirements for admissions, including prerequisite courses, so it is important to look at each PA program’s website carefully to ensure that your application meets requirements for the programs to which you apply.
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Standard vs Rolling Admissions
PA programs can have either standard or rolling admissions processes:
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“Standard admissions” means that the PA program will begin to review all applications received at a certain time, after an application deadline. Generally, in this process a pool of applicants are selected for interviews only after all qualified applications are reviewed. Seats are then offered to selected applicants following interviews.
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“Rolling admission” means that the PA program will review applications as they are received instead of reviewing all applications together as in standard admissions. In rolling admissions, admissions decisions may be made sooner. Therefore, it is important to apply early in the cycle if you are interested in programs with rolling admissions processes to ensure that you have the best chance for acceptance.
Personal Statement
This is the bread and butter of your application. In the personal statement, you are given 5,000 characters to answer the question of “Why do you want to become a PA?”. Spend extra time on your personal statement, as this is quite possibly the most critical aspect of your application. This is your opportunity to express your individual “why PA” and to describe the experiences that have led up to your decision to pursue this profession. Ask yourself, "What moment(s) have influenced me to pursue becoming a PA?" or "What challenges have shaped me into the person I am today?" Give yourself ample time to brainstorm, write, and have it reviewed. Remember, the person you are today is a culmination of the background and experiences you embody. You, being a first-generation college student and/or someone from a low income background pursuing this profession, is a remarkable achievement in itself. Be sure to highlight the distance you have traveled in your statement. Be authentic and use this as your opportunity to tell your story to the admissions committee.
LORs / Evaluations
PA programs require different types of Letters of Recommendations (LORs). Some require LORs from a working PA, supervisors, professors, and others. Solicit letters of recommendation from evaluators who know you well and can attest to the attributes that demonstrate you are able to handle the rigors of PA school.
Transcripts
All transcripts from all colleges you have attended must be sent directly to CASPA. You must also manually input your courses and grades as seen on your transcript into CASPA (Note that there is an optional paid service that can do this for you). Once you submit your first application, CASPA reviews and confirms the accuracy of the information you’ve entered by comparing it to transcripts in a process called “verification”. This process can take a couple days to weeks so ensure you give ample time before deadlines.
Experience Hours
This section allows you to input both clinical and non-clinical experience you have had prior to PA school. Healthcare and patient care experience (ex: EMT, MA, CNA, RN, etc.), research, leadership, shadowing, and others are inputted here along with hours completed and a description of the activity. See the “Important Experiences” section for more information about experience hours.
Supplemental Essays
Many PA programs have supplemental essays to learn more about you as an applicant and expand on your interest in their particular program. A common prompt asks you to explain, “Why this PA program?”. This is your opportunity to express your interest in this program and what stood out to you when you applied to the program. Try to go beyond simply saying you appreciate the location or that it's close to home. Express how the program directly aligns with your beliefs and values. In essence, find which PA programs resonate with you where you can envision yourself thriving. More importantly, describe how you can contribute to the program at large.
Application Fee
The application fees when applying to PA programs can be expensive. Fortunately, CASPA offers fee waivers to qualified applicants which cover the costs of the first two program applications. These waivers are first-come, first-served so apply early! Please note that some programs may have supplemental fees that are separate from the initial application fee.​​​
PA programs, like most graduate programs, will require that you have completed certain key courses as prerequisites before matriculating into their program. Below is a table which generally shows which courses are required universally for PA programs and courses which may not be required universally but are required by most/many.
This table is not exhaustive. It is important to research the PA programs to which you are interested in applying to ensure you have met the prerequisites for that particular program. Checking each program’s website is a good way to do this. Another helpful resource when researching prerequisites is the Physician Assistant Education Association (PAEA) CASPA Program Directory.​
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Subjects
Prerequisites for PA Programs?
General Chemistry
(2 semesters)
Yes
Introductory Biology
(2 Semesters)
Yes
Human Anatomy and Physiology
(2 semesters)
Yes
Statistics
(1 semester)
Yes
Organic Chemistry
(1- 2 semesters)
Most (some may require more than one semester)
Psychology
(1 -3 semesters)
Most (some may require more than one semester)
Microbiology
(1 semester)
Most (some may also require microbiology lab)
English/ Writing
(1-2 Semesters)
Many (some may require more than one semester)
Genetics
(1 semester)
Many
Medical Terminology
(1 semester)
Many
Some, but not all, PA programs require submission of standardized entrance examination scores as part of your CASPA application. As you prepare to apply to PA programs, it is important to consider whether you will be applying to programs that require entrance exams. You can see which programs require each exam and review each programs requirements by going to https://paeaonline.org/our-programs and filtering by your criteria such as “GRE Requirement”. Further details about each program requirements can be found by clicking on each program name and/or going to the program admissions page.
Programs use these scores in their assessment of the academic and professional readiness of applicants for the rigors of PA school. There are several entrance exams which may be utilized by PA programs for this purpose:
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The Graduate Record Examination (GRE) is a well established entrance exam administered by the Educational Testing Service and utilized widely in the admissions process by graduate level programs. It is a timed exam which takes approximately 2 hours to complete and is a computer-based exam and can be taken at a testing center or at home. The GRE includes three sections:
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Verbal reasoning
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Quantitative reasoning
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Analytical writing
There is a $220 fee to take the test and a $40 additional fee for each individual program to which you submit scores. These fees can quickly add up when applying to multiple programs. ETS does offer a fee reduction program which reduces the price of the general test to $100 and also includes free access to test prep materials. The fee reduction program is offered to:
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those who can demonstrate financial need
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those who are unemployed and receiving unemployment compensation
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those who are currently serving in the Peace Corps
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national programs that work with underrepresented groups
Complete description of eligibility criteria for the GRE fee reduction program and for information on how to apply to the program can be found at: https://www.ets.org/gre/test-takers/general-test/register/fees.html
Before applying to Physician Assistant school, there are a multitude of experiences you can gain to strengthen and diversify your application. In CASPA, the following descriptors are utilized to classify the experiences you have leading up to applying to PA school (PAEA):
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NON-HEALTHCARE EMPLOYMENT: Paid work done outside of the healthcare field or research lab, for example, a retail or restaurant job.
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RESEARCH: Research projects completed, preferably in addition to or outside of regular classroom work.
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VOLUNTEER: Volunteer work done outside of the healthcare field; for example, working for Habitat for Humanity, tutoring students, participating in or working for a fundraiser walk or blood drive.
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PATIENT CARE EXPERIENCE: Experiences in which you are directly responsible for a patient's care. For example, performing procedures, directing a course of treatment, designing a treatment regimen, actively working on patients as a nurse, paramedic, EMT, CNA, phlebotomist, physical therapist, or dental hygienist.
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HEALTHCARE EXPERIENCE: Both paid and unpaid work in a health or health-related field where you are not directly responsible for a patient's care but may still have patient interaction; for example, filling prescriptions, performing clerical work, delivering patient food, cleaning patients and/or their rooms, administering food or medication, taking vitals or other record keeping information, or working as a scribe, CNA (depending on the job description), medical assistant, etc.
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SHADOWING: Time spent officially following and observing a healthcare professional at work, preferably in the PA field.
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LEADERSHIP EXPERIENCE: Experiences in which you held a leadership role within an organization, such as the president of a club, fraternity/sorority, etc.
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EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES: Related activities you would like your selected program to review, for example, academic clubs and competitive teams. Do not include paid work experience in this section.
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TEACHING EXPERIENCE: Experiences in which you oversaw instructing others, such as a teaching assistant, tutor, etc
While having a diverse array of experiences is important, it is critical to know what the programs you are applying to are looking for in their applicants. For example, it is common for programs to have set requirements for the following experience hours:
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Patient Care Experience
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Shadowing Experience
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Healthcare Experience
When considering what to invest your time in as a pre-PA student, evaluate the following reflection questions:
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Do any of the programs I want to apply to have a requirement regarding a defined number of hours for a certain experience type?
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Do any of the programs I want to apply to place a high value on certain types of experiences (either in their mission statement, vision statement, or statement of what makes a competitive applicant)?
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What types of experiences am I most intrinsically interested in?
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Remember, what will make you stand out as an applicant is investing your time in the activities that excite and propel you, align with your mission, and align with your core values.
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Have the experiences I have engaged with thus far allowed me to feel confident in my decision to pursue PA?
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Anytime you have the chance to participate in clinical work, shadowing, or volunteer activities that bring you closer to the PA profession, the more confident you can be in pursuing this path. These experiences will also color your personal statement and interview responses when someone asks you why you want to be a PA.
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General PA profession information:
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American Academy of Physician Assistants
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National Commission for the Certification of the Physician Assistant
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Physician Assistant Education Association
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PA History Society
Application support:
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Centralized Application Service for PAs (CASPA)
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PAEA Toolkit - Infographics, video links, and overviews in english and spanish
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PAEA Resources for Advisors and Pre-PA Students (includes links to application and financial support resources!)
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PAEA Program List -- A list of programs with the ability to filter program requirements, location and start dates. This also has links to program overviews and to specific program admissions information.
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AAPA - “Become a PA”
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Free tool for keeping track of PA Application materials/information
Tools for Organization:
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Experience Descriptions in CASPA
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Requesting a Letter of Recommendation
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Supporting Information MISC CASPA items
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Comparing PA schools spreadsheet
Financial support:
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PAEA - Paying for PA School
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AAPA - Financing Your PA Education
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PA Foundation - PA Student Scholarships
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National Health Service Corps
Professional Groups with Access to Mentors:
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Physician Assistants of Color
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National Society of Black PAs
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Physician Associates for Latino Health
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Physician Associate Moms
Entrance Examination Websites:
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Graduate Record Examination (GRE)
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Physician Assistant College Admission Test (PA-CAT)
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Casper
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To learn more about specific PA programs, visit their website. Here are some programs we have experience with:

